The Caterbury Tales, Carmina Burana and The Book of Taliesin

Historical Events of the Middle Ages The Middle Ages is the period in European history from the collapse of the Roman empire in the fifth century to the period of the Renaissance in the fifteenth century. The medieval life may, at first, appear to be bleak, harsh, and dreary. But in actuality, it was a time of Kings, immense battles, disease and religious influence. From the devastation of the Bubonic Plague, briefly alluded to in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, to the legendary king and war-hero Arthur of Camelot. The Christian Church was the single most influential institution in society, with the pope taking on a role as the leader of European Christendom and education and intellectual life mostly happening through religious institutions. Through the analysis of compositions written during the Middle Ages, it is observable that significant events influenced the pages of these notable works such as Canterbury Tales, Carmina Burana, and The Book of Taliesin. The Canterb ury Tales is the most famous and critically acclaimed work of Geoffrey Chaucer, a late-fourteenth-century English poet. Chaucer was born in London in the early 1340s, in a period of history referred to as the â€Å"late Middle Ages.† Chaucer’s father became immensely wealthy when he inherited the fortune of relatives who had died in the Bubonic Plague of 1349. The Bubonic Plague, or Black Death, which tormented England during Chaucer’s childhood and remained extensive universally afterward, wiped out an

Building Aspirations Free Essays

Educational identity is the most significant principle of becoming a successful student. There are many different majors a student can chose that it can become overwhelming. Young learners may not know what they want to study or take up as a career. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Aspirations or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe people need to find out who they are before they know what they want to study. If we know what we are passionate about we can find out what our strengths are and use them to decide what to major in. This was an easy question for me to answer because I always wanted to be an architect even before I knew the rod â€Å"architect† existed. The key word here is â€Å"knew’ because I can’t explain how a child would know such a thing. I can tell you the exact moment this decision was clarified in my head. It was Christmas day, 1994, when I was 7 years old. That year I received from Santa Claus: a T-square ruler, a clear 45 degree triangle, and a drawing board, which was Just a 24†³ x 30† polished piece of wood. I didn’t know what these things were, but I remember having this conversation with my dad. I said, â€Å"I’m so excited, I can’t wait to cut this board up into something cool! † My dad laughed and said, â€Å"Oh son, that’s not for outing! That’s for drawing. I said, â€Å"How can I draw with a piece of wood? † He explained I was supposed to draw with paper on the board. Despite the change of thought, I was still excited. My parents always encouraged me to draw, build, or Just create in general. I loved to draw and I especially loved to bui ld things. I would build Logo sets, birdhouses, puzzles, and Just about anything I could get my hands on. So I guess it Just came naturally that I wanted to become an architect by putting my drawing and building skills together. A few things happened between that moment almost 20 years ago, when I decided I wanted to be an architect, and today. Despite me thinking from an early age that I knew what I was going to do as a career when I grew up, I had several occasions of self-doubt where I questioned my ability to actually be an architect. These moments were almost always followed by an overwhelming sense of panic, the type of panic that occurs when you lose your sense of purpose and self-identity. At these critical moments I would tell myself that if I couldn’t be an architect, I would become a nurse. I guess it was because my mother was a nurse. I didn’t want to be a nurse, but that was my back up plan. In high school I took some art classes and a couple drawing classes. They made me think artistically, but not in the way an architect should. I went to La Sale High School, which was also a college preparatory school, but they offered no architecture classes. The classes they had for drawing didn’t offer anything in respects to drafting or technical drawing. Drafting is the backbone of architectural drawings and to not have taken any classes on that type of drawing skill worried me. I was excellent at math and I was very well organized. Those are two strong traits to posses going into architecture classes. Despite some challenges I thought I had it all figured out. When I started my first classes in the architecture program at Pasadena City College, I painfully became aware that the skill requirements had separated the strong from the weak. The amount of time and effort that was required to produce the work was astounding and I felt I was simply not prepared for the demands. As a result, the work I generated was average and some days I would feel embarrassed to pin up my work next to my superior classmates. I shortly entered one of those panic modes I described earlier where I thought being an architect was all I ever wanted to e and now I’m terrible at it. I didn’t know what I was going to do. Some of the students’ were spectacular at drawing and I my drawings were Just mediocre. I didn’t want to give up on my life long dream. I needed guidance and inspiration from someone or something. I looked to the architect Louis l. Khan. He said, â€Å"An artist can make a cart with square wheels, but an architect can’t. † That quote made me feel better about my drawings. They didn’t have to be pretty or pull some sort of made up meaning from them. The drawings Just had to work. Kahn expresses that architects communicate through drawing. It isn’t about making art. It is about conveying an idea. That is what I want to do with my drawings. I was also lucky enough to find a teacher and a place to do Just that. My instructor, Professor Lee was strict, but she knew what techniques to show us young architects in order to become successful. She showed us proper ways to draw, build models, organize work, and how to research other project for reference. The class wasn’t easy and there were massive amounts of work, but as long as we put in the effort and did the work she was there to guide us in the right direction. I was ailing a little less discouraged at this point, but I still wasn’t sure I could hack it in the program until we went on a field trip. I had no idea that this visit would have such an impact on my educational identity and make me confirm my thoughts about wanting to become an architect. We visited the Cathedral of Our Lady of Angels built by Spanish architect Rafael Money, which is located in downtown Los Angels, off Temple Street and next to the 101 Freeway. His modern-contemporary design conveyed a spiritual Journey that reflects the cultural diversity of the people of Los Angels. It is made from poured concrete, is 11-stories tall, and every angle is acute or obtuse. We entered the cathedral from the South. Unlike most Cathedrals we did not enter through a rear door near the last pews. Instead, we entered the ambulatory, which circles the interior of the Cathedral. This makes the spiritual journey longer because you are walking from the front of the cathedral to the back, and then to the front again. When you are inside looking at the altar you see a huge cross, which is a series of windows made from alabaster, a naturally occurring stone. The alabaster gives the interior a warm even glow. The milky light it gives also makes it very spiritual because it makes the cross look like it is floating. In this moment looking at the cross with light pouring out around it I knew this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be an architect. Every move Money made in his design had a reason and purpose that was thoughtfully planned. He was not Just drawing plans to a building, he was making a connection with the people who entered the cathedral. It had become clear to me that being an architect was not about being the top in class r whose design was the best. It is about the concepts you make and how you can relate them to the people who are using the space you create. Piper explains it is a â€Å"†¦ Writer’s Job to connect people†¦ † Together on earth. We are all different, but we have needs that can be addressed through reading and writing. Piper also expresses that â€Å"change writing† involves original thought and engagement. That is what architecture does. It promotes original thought from the architect, but at the same time requires engagement from the people using the building. It connects the people together who have multiple points of view. Even though I knew I wanted to become an architect at an early age it didn’t mean I would automatically be successful. I had my doubts, but I never gave up. I still had to find out what I was passionate about. I could then use those emotions to create designs that connect to people. I hope that through these designs people will expand their knowledge. It is important to find yourself first in order to find your strengths. You don’t have to know what you want to take as a major or what career field you want to be in at young age. So don’t be afraid to explore. How to cite Building Aspirations, Papers

Organizational Culture and Structure of Flight- Free-Samples

Questions: Using relevant theories, Explain how the Organisational Culture and Structure of Flight Centre are Intertwined. Answers: Introduction The organizational culture implies an entire multifaceted phenomenon comprising of beliefs, values, symbols and general presumptions pooled by the people of the organization. An organizations structure is the style in which an establishment arranges its employees, resources and management in order to attain its goal. Possessing aforesaid traits, the organizational culture has an intensive and wide impact on the trade of an organization. It monitors therefore, that technique should be ascertained primarily, abided by the organizational structure. Graham Turner designed the organization as families, villages and the tribes. This manuscript will demonstrate the concept of organizational culture and structure along with the personae of establishment culture. Far ahead it will deliberate the structure and culture in Flight centre and also evaluate the way in which culture is intertwined with enterprise structure. Concept of Organizational Culture and Structure Culture is substantial since it is latent, powerful, and usually unconscious group of power that ascertains individual and group behaviour, values, thought patterns and ways of comprehending. Organizational culture specifically is significant since cultural components ascertain goals, modes of operandi and strategy(Mats, 2013 ). In order to make establishment more effective and efficient, management should comprehend the character that culture performs in organizational life. It has been observed that though it is seems simple to monitor what occurs in an enterprise, a consideration of culture assists to elucidate why incidents happen (Elizabeth Kummerow, 2014). Primarily, the culture safeguards an elevated level of collaboration amongst employees. Secondly, culture can abridge decision making and the execution since communal shared values and beliefs offer members of the organization a consistent array of basic preferences and assumptions. Thirdly, culture can instigate sound and ef fective communication. Moreover, they also offer outlines for a distinct interpretation of obtained messages. Literally, the phrase organizational structure implies the map demonstrating the several positions within an establishment. Organizational structure merely is the set of integrated and interrelated components making up an arrangement, which is self-ruling on its own, mainly malleable and which can be restructured or even, destructed into a fresh system over the period(Bhatia, 2008). Structure assists employees in the establishment to work together efficiently. Structure exhibits how accountability and power, external and internal, function within the establishment; it ascertains how accountabilities are distributed and entails efficient involvement(Aquinas, 2008). Every establishment requires outlined communication channels, responsibilities and agreed procedures. The most preferred divisions are functional or departmental groupings. Arrangement should reflect the prototype of reporting associations. The selection of structure will rely on numerous elements comprising the organizations mission, function, culture, persons involved, size and its budget. Structure and culture at Flight Centre Building an affirmative workplace culture begins with nurturing admiration with and amongst people(Graham Hubbard, 2015). Flight Centre aspires to actively boost a corporate culture that assists diversity in the office, in the arrangement of its senior management and Board and entire Flight centre group. The organizational model of Flight centre is team based; lean and simple( Flight Centre Pvt Ltd, 2017). Graham Turner, the Originator of Flight Centre Ltd. backs that peoples are intensely wired to function in small segments within large segments. To comprehend this distinct model the four traits of organization design complication, officialization, monopolization and synchronization can be applied(Stephen Robbins, 2013). Complications denote the mode in which the firm is fragmented into quite a few group roles or individuals, units and divisions each with its discrete responsibility and tasks. Vertical differentiation reflects the counts of hierarchical stages in an establishment .The operation level at Flight Centre comprise retail shops. Every shop includes 3 7 people active on one produce which is entitled as family. The area or a village embraces 7-10 family units in one terrestrial sector. The tribal realm is a group of 3- 4 rural community. Each tribe is a rare creation; product encompasses corporate traveller, student flight and Flight Centre. In horizontal distinction, and diverse segments of the establishment become focussed on distinct activities to enhance efficiency. All stores of Flight centre sells same services although the names are disparate which crafts it effortless to commune among family units and coordinate activities. Officialization signifies to the degree to which policies, procedures, rules, regulations and job description administer the functioning of an enterprise. Despite the fact that Flight centre has flat blueprint, it has 3 grades s (tribe, village and family) which exhibits there are grading inside the model. Monopolization expresses the extent to which decisiveness is stanch at one thrust in a firm. The realm procures amenities for villages and families. Nonetheless, at Flight Centre at hand does not ensue to be centralized supremacy of the headquarters. Synchronization is unification of activities of particular units headed for common goal. In Flight centre, programmed coordination is communal .A head office group synchronizes marketing and administrative services. The outline projected by Henry Mintzberg proposes that each establishment has five constituents. At Flight Centre the bottommost operative core designates the companions of the family, co-workers who implement the structural work of dispensing the facilities or retailing. The strategic apex is indicted to assure that the enterprise accomplishes its mission. At Flight Centre, there is distinct style of allocation of power where entire rights are not afforded to the tribes. Even so, the tribal office is the axis that regulates the brands that is the retail outlets. Every retail shop or family has a supervisor who bonds the strategic apex to the operative core. The techno structure of the family encompasses, the HR, marketing, SWOT groups and IT fellows who enclose the accountability for affecting forms of regularization in the organization. Figure: Mintzbergs five elements of the organization In Flight Centre, the strategic apex exhibits to be more prominent over other attributes. The model of the Flight centre may perhaps be contemplated flat since it merely has 3 ranks and the operative core accounts to their subsequent managers. Few benefits embrace clear accountability and flexibility to retort to the concerns of the patrons (Schermerhorn, 2011). Formulating ruling at the Flight centre exhibited to be narrow. The tribal nation takes decision context to managing the technical issues. The tribal nation offers brands and other staff assisted services to the families and villages. Furthermore, shop supervisors take pronouncement at the family phase though the travel counsellors are empowered. Further, Flight centre has added a likeness of a strategic apex contemplated there also surfaces some hotchpotches. The Flight centre owns more than 800 retail outlets globally and every year 150 plus outlets are enhancing, the functioning could be more perplex as it may have greater families, tribes and villages which might make communication and coordination blockages (Schmidt, 2017). Furthermore, few powers are disseminated from the tribal nation-state, such authorities comprises purchasing products from vendors. When enterprise becomes huge and physically decentralized, it necessitates folks with specialized competence and knowledge to take care of problems and eliminate waste(Lockyer, 2008). Conclusion Flight centre is finely placed to move ahead with industrial changes. The entire program is laid on the notion that folks perform best in their selected ambience within the bigger establishment rather than attempting to shape them into the organizations sculpt .Amongst triumph elements is the fact that they constantly comprehend and embrace ingenious human resource management exercises and strategies to uphold that benefit. Social expertize that is necessitated by the IT authorities involves concentrating to errors 24*7 since flight centre is global establishment where they encounter with ticketing and travelling. Since workers are fixed up in diminutive unit like families, it offers them uniqueness where they pertain. It could also develop intimate connections inside family and also provide leader a strong image of the competencies of the individual employee. Likewise, produces more effective decisions. Bibliography Flight Centre Pvt Ltd, 2017. Flight Centre. [Online] Available at: https://www.flightcentrelimited.com/ [Accessed August 2017]. Aquinas, P., 2008. Organization Structure and Design. New Delhi: Excel Books. Bhatia, S. K., 2008. Managing Organizational Behaviour :People Skill for Sucess. New Delhi : Deep and Deep Publications Pvt Ltd. Elizabeth Kummerow, N. K., 2014. Organizational Culture :Concept ,Context and Measurement. Volume 1 ed. s.l.:World Scientific. Graham Hubbard, J. R. P. G., 2015. Strategic Management. 5 ed. Australia : Pearson Publication. Lockyer, T. L. G., 2008. Global cases on Hospitality Industry. s.l.:The Haworth Press Taylor Francis Group. Mats, A., 2013 . Understanding Organizational Culture. London : Sage Publications Ltd. Mintzberg, H. (1992). Structure in fives: Designing effective organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mintzberg, H. (2009). Tracking strategies: Toward a general theory of strategy formation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Schermerhorn, J. R. D. P. S. W. . C., 2011. Management. Wiley: Milton . Schmidt, L., 2017. Flight centres graham turner and cofounders are flying high. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2015/01/28/flight-centres-graham-turner-and-cofounders-are-flying-high/#416a9ce42264 [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Stephen Robbins, T. A. J. B. M. M. B., 2013. Organizational Behiaviour. Australia: Pearson.

Wolf Predation Essays - Predation, LotkaVolterra Equations, Caribou

Wolf Predation Effects of Wolf Predation Abstract: This paper discusses four hypotheses to explain the effects of wolf predation on prey populations of large ungulates. The four proposed hypotheses examined are the predation limiting hypothesis, the predation regulating hypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, and the stable limit cycle hypothesis. There is much research literature that discusses how these hypotheses can be used to interpret various data sets obtained from field studies. It was concluded that the predation limiting hypothesis fit most study cases, but that more research is necessary to account for multiple predator - multiple prey relationships. The effects of predation can have an enormous impact on the ecological organization and structure of communities. The processes of predation affect virtually every species to some degree or another. Predation can be defined as when members of one species eat (and/or kill) those of another species. The specific type of predation between wolves and large ungulates involves carnivores preying on herbivores. Predation can have many possible effects on the interrelations of populations. To draw any correlations between the effects of these predator-prey interactions requires studies of a long duration, and statistical analysis of large data sets representative of the populations as a whole. Predation could limit the prey distribution and decrease abundance. Such limitation may be desirable in the case of pest species, or undesirable to some individuals as with game animals or endangered species. Predation may also act as a major selective force. The effects of predator prey coevolution can explain many evolutionary adaptations in both predator and prey species. The effects of wolf predation on species of large ungulates have proven to be controversial and elusive. There have been many different models proposed to describe the processes operating on populations influenced by wolf predation. Some of the proposed mechanisms include the predation limiting hypothesis, the predation regulating hypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, and the stable limit cycle hypothesis (Boutin 1992). The purpose of this paper is to assess the empirical data on population dynamics and attempt to determine if one of the four hypotheses is a better model of the effects of wolf predation on ungulate population densities. The predation limiting hypothesis proposes that predation is the primary factor that limits prey density. In this non- equilibrium model recurrent fluctuations occur in the prey population. This implies that the prey population does not return to some particular equilibrium after deviation. The predation limiting hypothesis involves a density independent mechanism. The mechanism might apply to one prey - one predator systems (Boutin 1992). This hypothesis predicts that losses of prey due to predation will be large enough to halt prey population increase. Many studies support the hypothesis that predation limits prey density. Bergerud et al. (1983) concluded from their study of the interrelations of wolves and moose in the Pukaskwa National Park that wolf predation limited, and may have caused a decline in, the moose population, and that if wolves were eliminated, the moose population would increase until limited by some other regulatory factor, such as food availability. However, they go on to point out that this upper limit will not be sustainable, but will eventually lead to resource depletion and population decline. Seip (1992) found that high wolf predation on caribou in the Quesnel Lake area resulted in a decline in the population, while low wolf predation in the Wells Gray Provincial Park resulted in a slowly increasing population. Wolf predation at the Quesnel Lake area remained high despite a fifty percent decline in the caribou population, indicating that mortality due to predation was not density-dependent within this range of population densities. Dale et al. (1994), in their study of wolves and caribou in Gates National Park and Preserve, showed that wolf predation can be an important limiting factor at low caribou population densities, and may have an anti-regulatory effect. They also state that wolf predation may affect the distribution and abundance of caribou populations. Bergerud and Ballard (1988), in their interpretation of the Nelchina caribou herd case history, said that during and immediately following a reduction in the wolf population, calf recruitment increased, which should result in a future caribou population increase. Gasaway et al. (1983) also indicated that wolf predation can sufficiently increase

Thesis Ideas

Thesis Ideas Thesis Ideas Thesis Ideas One of the best ways to learn about writing is to start write, to re-read and to edit your work in accordance to the required style and specified thesis format. Sometimes, a supervisor can seem to be a real pest in exhorting students to 'write it down'. But this is often the best advice. Start by writing your thesis ideas down, and ask yourself whether there is a logical flow of ideas in your writing. There is something about transferring knowledge or information from its mental repository or from some conceptual domain on to a page that tends to clarify thought and build coherence. We think a couple of basic tools are needed: an open mind; a dictionary; a thesaurus and/or style guide. If you possess these, you are in a good position to gather thesis ideas! Thesis Dissertation Writing Your writing will determine whether people understand what you have to say, and whether they agree with it and remember your conclusions. This brings us to the hard reality of who you are writing your thesis for. If you think huge hoards of fellow scholars are going to fall over themselves to borrow your thesis from a library - forget it! In reality, very few people will read your thesis, but many more will (you hope) read subsequent articles, chapters and/or even book derived from your thesis ideas. Your thesis will usually be read only by your supervisor and your examiners. The examiners, your most important audience, are also likely to read the thesis in a short period of time. Thesis Writing Consider this analogy: writing a chapter is like watching the news on television. You turn on the evening news, and what do they tell you? The answer is simple: they tell you the headlines, then they tell the news in detail, then they sum up the highlights. Formal academic writing is much the same: the entire thesis and each chapter should contain some form of introduction, a body and a conclusion. The main ideas or arguments should be captured within the introduction in order to focus the reader's attention on the main theme and motivate them to continue reading. The various sections comprising the body of your project should then continue in a logical format. The conclusion should summarize what has been written in the thesis, and link this summary with the original argument outlined in the introduction. There should always be a coherent, logical and consistent thread woven through each section, through each chapter and throughout the thesis. offers you an opportunity to order professional thesis writing assistance.   We will help you thesis ideas, writing, and editing. Do not miss this chance to ease your academic struggles!

Atticus Finch Essay Example for Free (#2)

Atticus Finch Essay Atticus Finch Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.† Atticus Finch, in many ways, lives this quote everyday by understanding what has to be done today in order to avoid future consequences of today’s mistakes. Atticus is a kind-hearted, slow-tempered, wise man, who always knows the right thing to say. In the story, one can deduce that Atticus Finch is a kind-hearted man who knows what to do in order to fix the toughest of problems. The author remarks, â€Å"There was a brown book and some yellow tablets on the solicitor’s table, Atticus’s was bare† (138). This statement explains how Atticus is always prepared to do what is right, and still be humane about what point he is trying to get across. Therefore, Atticus must also set the example for his children by showing that he has a kind heart, so maybe his two children would learn to follow; however, in the story he is faced with many obstacles on the way, reducing his time spent trying to do the right thing. Atticus definitely knows how to react under pressure. In the story the author writes, â€Å"Miss Stephanie said Atticus didn’t even bat an eye, just took out his handkerchief and wiped his face and stood there and let Mr. Ewell call him names wild horses could not bring her to repeat† (185). This is a perfect example of Atticus having a long fuse. Even though Mr. Ewell cussed him until the cows came home, Atticus took it calmly and was relieved that Mr. Ewell finally got his steam out from the case. Whenever he is in trouble, he reacts calmly because he knows in the end it will all blow over. Atticus is obviously a very wise man, who can get the job done. In the part of the story with Mrs. Dubose, Atticus states, â€Å"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what† (93). Atticus uses many quotes like this in the book, all consisting of the wisest comments out of the whole story. In this quote Atticus is lecturing Jem after he is finished reading his book to Mrs. Dubose, and Jem realizes that Atticus was talking about him. He also said he would have made him do it eventually anyway, just to show him what real courage was, even if he would not have destroyed Mrs. Dubose’s flowers. The author indirectly says that Atticus knows what he is saying. As I have stated, Atticus is a kind-hearted, slow-tempered, and wise beyond his year’s sort of man. Atticus is the ideal human being in the story. He is also the stories main protagonist, showing all the characteristics of a gentleman. Atticus Finch. (2016, Mar 25). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Maintenance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maintenance - Assignment Example The use of relief valves was the original method of regulating compressors in order to have the excess air released into the environment. A servo valve that is controlled by a regulator can be used and this allows for an easier control of the pressure variations in the compressors. The Compressors that are below 5–10 kW are often controlled by completely stopping the electric motor when the pressure reaches an upper limit value and by restarting it when the pressure drops below the lower limit value. A combustion engine, gas turbine or frequency controlled electric motor controls the compressor’s speed and, consequently, the flow rate. This is an efficient method that s necessary for maintaining a steady outgoing pressure and lower energy consumption. The flow rate of screw compressors can be regulated by moving the position of the discharge port into the housing, in the rotors’ lengthways direction, towards the inlet. This method is however capable of generating high power consumption. The piston compressors can be regulated through mechanical forcing of the inlet valves into the open position. This results in air being pumped out and into the cylinder with minimal energy loss that is often lower than 10% of the full-load shaft power. The inlet of the compressor can be regulated by throttling the inlet of the compressor in order to determine the minimum flow and set the range for the compressor. Inlet regulation is also achieved by arranging the vanes as radial blades in the intake causing the drawn-in gas to rotate while the flow is throttled. Controlling compressors requires a regulation system that can be used either for an individual compressor or an entire compressor installation. Regulation systems are becoming more advanced and fast growing development offers a variety of new solutions. When air is required, a signal is sent to a solenoid valve that guides the compressor’s inlet valve to the fully open position. The valve is

Qualitative Methodology Practices in Nursing Essay

Qualitative Methodology Practices in Nursing - Essay Example To extend these points further with regard to the public and the field of nursing, the professional image has been subject to a plethora of influencing factors since health-care services were first established in this country over two centuries ago. This goes back to the theoretical aspect of its colonial origins and how they influenced medicine and health care reforms today. Since the colonial period, nursing has evolved through decades of changes and reform. From a position of significant oppression and medical subservience, generations of nurses have fought for public recognition in terms of identity, respect, and role acknowledgement. In fact these are the reasons that so much research has been conducted in this profession and the various theoretical theorizations and methodologies have taken root. This has created a better perception with regard to the nurses' role and it has helped them establish their position in health care more fluidly. The main theoretical point behind the usage of these four methodologies is the fact that these specific methods provide accurate and reliable ways to promote good positive outcomes for patients, as well as providing assistance to the nurses to ensure that they stay in the correct professional framework which guides them on an everyday basis in their work routines. Theory of Applied Research Applied research is a dependable element in the nursing field. Although in its basic form it is only considered to be fundamental for solving more practical and basic problems it can also find a niche in other areas of the nursing profession as well. Theoretically it can help in pin-pointing certain symptoms through a research methodology that is of a nurses own choosing, since there are many different research methodologies available (Lehtinen et al 2005, p. 44). Therefore, usage of an applied research model helps the nurse facilitate the treatment regimen more fluidly due to the fact that the basic symptoms or problems can be rectified and hence corrected to change a specific outcome. Take for example the disease of cancer. Applied research helps the nurse prioritize what research is more worthy of further study in order to acquire more essential knowledge on the subject so that a better determination of treatment can be given (Mcilfatrick & Keeny 2002, p. 629). Furthermore, it he lps to promote the correct direction and focus in developing a strategy for studying various forms of cancer to be better prepared in caring for a cancer patient. By incorporating the research question, found through the usage of applied research, within certain basic studies of cancer, nurses are better prepared to provide care with regard to how to alleviate nausea and vomiting, interventions for pain, coping with grief or death, and prevention and treatment of existing cancer or other possible cancers (Mcilfatrick & Keeny 2002, p. 630). This emphasizes the fact that the basic research of this disease is actually the initial phase leading into the methodology of applied research to begin with (Lehtinen et al 2

Politics In The Way Of Life Essay Example for Free

Politics In The Way Of Life Essay Should religious beliefs shape how politics are conducted in the contemporary world? Does violence have a role in politics? Should animals as well as humans be represented in politics? What do bodies and sexuality have to do with politics? â€Å"Politics is the science of a good living. † It is man who has to decide on the way he wants to live. However every human being is influenced by his religious, social and sexual beliefs nomatter where or how he starts his political way of living. Do you think politics should be mixed with religion? Religion and politics are completely different and should not be mixed with each other. All men and women are to be treated equally irrespective of the caste or the religion that they belong to. Every person has the right to follow his own religion and to carry forward his beliefs in his society. But when his beliefs and religion is such that it affects or hurts the feelings rather beliefs of his own neighbours or fellow human beings it becomes politics. No man has the right to affect the feelings of another in any case. If man believes in God, he surely should believe in peace with fellow human beings. But when does this happen? How do religious beliefs turn to politics? When does a person start hurting the feelings of his own fellow human beings? Religion greatly influences a man sensually that is his heart and mind. Thus the misunderstandings and misconception of religions leads to a difference of opinion between people thus leading to indifferences in their opinions thereby leading to mutual quarrel. Coming to the influence of the society and social beliefs on politics. It is the society that has created politics. Politics is for the people, by the people and of the people. All the rules and policies right from the human right to social equality politics affects the way of life of every individual. Next the truth that every living being, including animals have their influence in politics. Killing specific animals is a crime, hurting any animal is a crime. It is for the protection of animals that societies like blue cross have been developed. When killing an animal is punishable, it is glad that politics helps even animals live peacefully until they are not harmful to the human beings. Thus politics is the way of good living. It is the science of kinship. A life without politics would be unorderly and miserable. Politics forms the basis of life. Thus good politics forms the basis of a good life.

Systemic Change :: Systematic Systemic Essays

Systemic Change What Is It To fully understand Systemic Change, one must first be able to distinguish systemic from systematic. The term systematic often is associated with images of a linear, generalizable model of how to do something. Systemic on the other hand implies a global conception of the problem and an understanding of the interrelationships and interconnections. (Carr 1996). The systemic perspective in instructional design is traditionally limited to feedback via needs assessment or evaluation. The systematic perspective in instructional design, however, is strongly represented in a variety of step-by-step models. (Carr 1996) Systemic thinking "requires keeping many aspects of the problem set in your head at one time. It is a community activity, not an individual one, with all the requisite challenges of any group task. Systemic thinking demands persistence, because to think systemically means to constantly reflect back to previous assumptions, and to be flexible enough to change thinking that has been agreed upon previously. (Reigeluth, Garfinkle 1994). Using a systemic view, we develop ways of finding out about the mass of inter-relationships which exist between the different components of systems as well as finding out about the components themselves and we have to find out about the relationships which exist between the whole system and the environment in which it exists. (Bateson, 1979; Bawden 1991, Carr 1996) There are two types of change. There is piecemeal change, often called tinkering, which entails modifying something (fixing a part of it) and there is systemic change, often called paradigm shift, which entails replacing the whole thing. Reigeluth, Garfinkle 1994). Systemic change is comprehensive. It recognizes that a fundamental change in one aspect of a system requires fundamental changes in other aspects in order for it to be successful. In education, it must pervade all levels of the system: classroom, building, district, community, state government and federal government. And it must include the nature of the learning experiences, the administrative system that supports the instructional system, and the governance system that governs the whole educational system (Banathy, 1991, Reigeluth, Garfinkle 1994). Systemic change is needed because of the paradigm shift that is occurring in education due to the information age. Although this paradigm shift in education is only a microcosm of the changes in society as a whole, these changes in society is making "the current educational system obsolete.

Air Asia Company Analysis

Accounting & Finance TP 023513 UC1F1007BMP (AF) Utari Asmelia Introduction of Management 08 Fall AirAsia Company Analysis Background of AirAsia Company Dato’ Tony Fernandez was the entrepreneur that brought up AirAsia to be the one of the award wining the largest low fare airlines that is currently well known for now in Asia. Since then it has been flying to over 61 domestic and international destination with 108 routes, and furthermore it operates over 400 flights daily from hubs that are basically located in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia.Today if we look at their progress, AirAsia has flows over 55million guests across the region and continues to create more extensive route network through its associate companies. The company AirAsia furthermore belives in the no-frills, hassle-free, low fare business concept and feels that keeping costs low requires a specific element of high efficiency in every oart of their business. So, as we know, through the corporate philosophy whi ch stands that â€Å"Now Everyone Can Fly†.AirAsia Berhad is a Asia’s aeroplane largest low-fare, no frills airline and a pionner of low cost travel in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations already spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Its affilate airlines Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia respectively. AirAsia won the Skytrax World’s best low-cost airline award in 2009 and 2010. It has the world’s lowest operating costs at $0. 35/seat-kilometre in 2010. It is also the first airline in the region to implement fully ticketless air travel system. THE HISTORY OF AIRASIA CO. AirAsia was established in 1993 and commenced operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate DRB-Hincom. On 2 December 2001, the heabily-indebted airline was purchased by former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandes’s company Tune Air Sdn Bhd for the token sum of one ringgit. This was after great deliberation was the initial offer was fifty sen.Fernandes proceeded to engineer a remarkable turnaround, turning profit in 2002 and launching new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur International Airport at breakneck speed, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional fares as low as RM 1 (US$0. 27). MEGA ENVIRONMENT i) International Elements Based on the history of these company, on August 2006, Airasia took over Malaysia Airlines’s Rural Air Service routes in Sabah and Sarawak, operating under the FlyAsianXpress brand, the routes were subsequently returned back to MASwings a year later citing commercial reasons.AirAsia’s CEO Tony Fernandes subsequently unveiled a five-year plan to further enhance its presence in Asia. Today, AirAsia has strengthen and enhance its route network by connecting all the existing cities in the region and expanding further into Indochina, Indonesia, Southern China (Kun Ming), Xiamen, Shenzen) and India. The airline focused on developing its hubs in Bangkok and Jakarta through its sister companies, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia Airasia. Hence, with increase frequency and addition of new routes, AirAsia expects passenger volume to hit 18 million by end-2007.Now, AirAsia has some pathways and more wide network. For demography sectors, AirAsia has more than 558 million inhabitants (ASEAN countries) and over 3 billions with China and India. ii) Economic Elements AirAsia Economic Analysis A successful example of a Malaysian no frills airline is AirAsia. Revolutionized and Reinvented by Tony Fernandez in 2001, like I told before it is based on the low-cost, no-frills model of the US carrier Southwest. The concept of AirAsia is based on the belief that demands for short-haul air transport is price flexible.That means, if prices for flights are being reduced, more people will fly. Traditionally, airline concepts are based on the assumption that airline traffic grows in line with the economy and that cutting prices will only lead to a decrease in revenues. With the introduction of the ‘no frills’ concept to the Malaysian market, AirAsia has proven this theory wrong and goes from strength to strength by actually increasing the size of the market and more recently by taking away passengers from the major airline competitors.With its expending strategy as objectives to reach excellent standard around the world, marketing in Asia has been the key player to achieve success. AirAsia is one of the business that have successfully adopted cost leadership through operational effectiveness and efficiency. The cost advantages have enabled AirAsia to become the Asia’s leading low fare airline. AirAsia has successfully positioned itself in customer’s mind. Its net profit for the second quarter ending 31 December 2004 was reported RM 44. 4 million, a 323% increase over t he previous quarter.AirAsia until today has flown more than 55 million passengers in and around Asia. AirAsia has also ventured into other market that complemets with the airlines business. It has started franchises like the tunes hotels and red box couriers to gain maximum efficiency in and around the airline business. There’s economic aspects which AirAsia did: * AirAsia holds 49% of Thai AirAsia with 1% held by a Thai individual. The remaining 50% is held by Shin Corp. , owned by the former Thailand prime minster, Thaksin Shinawatra. Shin Corp. as financial strength, synergy in information technology and telecomunications, which support AirAsia Internet and mobile phone bookings. * National Trends: Malaysia’s economy may expand as little as 4 percent in 2009, growth will probably be between 5 percent and 5. 5 percent this year, below the official 2008 forecast of 5. 7 percent. * Real GDP % Growth forecast is from 5. 1 in 2008 to 1. 4 in 2009. * The inflation rate ma y fall below 4 percent before the second half of 2009 * Unemployment has remained constant at an average of 3. 6% in July 2008 to 3. 1% in Oct. 2008.However, the global credit crisis has raised fears that â€Å"the unemployment rate could double to 6 per cent by 2010 if global demand remains weak†> * International trends: * Malaysia ranks 20th for its ease of doing business out if a total of 181 economies surveyed in the World Bank Doing Business 2009 report. * International global credit crisis has resulted in increasing unemployment and ‘global trade will shrink by 9 percent this year’ * Asian governments are defending less national-flag carriers; in order to revitalize under used airports and increase tourism spending. ii) Technological element AirAsia Company has also used technological sectors to improve their quality work and give best services for all customers. If we can look at advertising side, AirAsia used information technology to make customers easy find the flight they wants. AirAsia has also used Online-Booking System to buy or just booking for flights. It has good way promotion and offers with the low-price surely, some information we can accessed as soon. All the things we need, we just can booking first such as foods and drinks, also available on during our flight.With this strategic move, AirAsia is able to focus on the factors that actually bring value to customer, such as point-to-point travel system, easy reservation system, and etc. This will help AIrAsia, reduce the cost and at the same time, increase the value for customers – Value Innovation. It has synergy in information technology and telecommunications, which support AirAsia Internet and mobile phone bookings. ShinCorp. allows subscribers of the Shin mobile phone flagship, Advanced Information Service, being able toreserve tickets through its short-messaging service (SMS).In aeroplane cabinet, AirAsia was used Airbuss, Boeing, ATR and others sizeable for flight. Technological aspect specifics are : * Ticket-less travel and ‘e-tickets’ have lowered distribution costs. * AirAsia has the youngest fleet in Asia with the new Airbus A330-300; allowing state-of-the-art technology and high fuel efficiency. * Information and communications technology (ICT) has allowed AirAsia to reduce operating costs and provide fast, efficient service in areas including: check flight schedules, book seats, electronic check-in, and pre-order meals. New low cost terminal to be opened in Labu, Malaysia by 2011 will incorporate modern technology, more shops and be privately owned, resulting inn lower airport taxes and fares and reduced government bureaucracy. iv) Sociocultural element AirAsia Company creating and developing a social culture takes time and effort and a new motive driven company such as AirAsia has to develop me method on how to connect with the society’s lifestyle , demographics, and media. For lifestyle sectors, AirAsia Com pany has a magazine, we can took at the flight, and their company.If we look at huge views, there’s another socialize point. They are as : * Demographics: * Ethnic: Malay50. 4% Chinese23. 7% Indigenous11% Indian7. 1% Others7. 8% * Religions: Muslim60. 4% Buddhist19. 2% Christian 9. 1% Hindu 6. 3% Other traditional Chinese 2. 6% Unknown 1. 5% None 0. 8% * Languages:Bahasa Malaysia (Official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai. * Air Asia operates in SE Asia with many countries and languages. SE Asian countries have diverse cultures and religions; troubles continue particularly on the Thai-Malaysian border and Indonesia. * Individualism is less common than cooperation in Asian business values. * Acceptance of laws and rules can vary; many Indonesians, for example, rarely abide to baggage allowance rules and these rules are seldom enforced due to corruption and indolence. * Urbanization: 7 out of the top 10 most populated cities in the world (>14 million) are predicted to be in Asia by 2015, according to the UN. Over 80% of AirAsia’s tickets are sold on-line; thus, eliminating travel agent fees.V) Political elements Political Analysis mainly states about the aviation acts and regulation which needed by aviation company such as AirAsia to operate their business. The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. Political stability is inessential to create a safe economy market that enables the market to grow. Political issues may cause problems in the outcome of the company. Some of the political factors that may affect a company are events that affect the operation of the company; therefore regarding an aviation company.It has happens as Air Asia. Air Asia political events will affect the results as well. Political aspects include some points by AirAsia Company. They are : * Political uncer tainty in Malaysia with Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi set to step down in March 2009. * Deputy Prime Minister Najib Razak is expected to take over the ruling-coalition party, but with a cloud of allegations. * Political unrest in Thailand recently when anti-government protesters recently blocked flights for a week at Bangkok’s main airports. * ASEAN nations have been pushing Indonesia to scrap its Rp. million ‘Fiscal’ charge to all Indonesian citizens and expatriates when leaving the Republic of Indonesia either for business, education or tourism. * Resurgence of violence in Southern Thailand – Northern Malaysian border. * Malaysia granted exploration rights in oil-rich waters off the coast of Borneo; increased tensions with Indonesia. * Terrorism has occurred in Thailand and Indonesia, most notably the Bali bomb of 2002. A. WHY AIRASIA NEED TO CONSIDER A STRATEGY MANAGEMENT? The first reason is because the airline industry is a unique and complex industr y.Based on the statement, the complexity and unique of the airline industry, AirAsia need to come out with the greatest strategy to compete with their rival in the same industry. Without the right strategic management, its possible AirAsia could not be able be compete with the complex business environment the airline industry. Furthermore, the second reason why AirAsia need to consider a strategic management because in a company nowadays, general management which the process of achieving organizational goals by engaging in the four major functions. There are : * Planning * Organizing Leading * Controling It may not sufficient and supportive for the organization succed in the world of complex environments. It concerns about the process to manage the company internally but do not concentrate more on creating competitiveness regarding environments affecting the organization. In addition, the third reason, this is because strategic management becomes important in AirAsia due to the foll owing reasons. The first reason why strategic management becomes important is because the globalization. The globalization consideration impacts virtually all-strategic decisions in a company.The globalization also forced AirAsia Company to survival for business. Too see and appreciate the world from the perspective of others has become a matter of survival business. The current issues in AirAsia Company AirAsia Company are more focused in the competition of the cost among an airplane industry. AirAsia as an industry company which is more focusing in the low cost carrier airplane industry need to consider to make the lowest possible cost to compete with the other competitors in their airplane industry. To achieve the lowest possible cost, AirAsia Company has some strategy to achieve it.B. HOW TO IMPLEMENT AND ACHIEVE IT? With there believes to make a low possible fare for to the customer, AirAsia was cbecoming an Airline company that is chosen by so many customers. The best philosop hy of AirAsia ‘now everyone can fly’ means to giving an opportunity to all the people to flight with the lowest possible fare and making them can flight even the only have the less money. Why AirAsia more stressed to be low cost carrier in airline industry? * AirAsia believes to compete in the airline industry, it must be cost-efficient and profitable, and it must create value.Cost that do not add value must contained, reduced and even eliminated. * Demand for low cost carrier (LCC) industry will keep growing rapidly. * And than the best philosophy of AirAsia ‘now everyone can fly’ means to giving an opportunity all the people to flight with the lowest possible fare. AirAsia SWOT analysis The purpose of this analysis are for identify the internal and external factor that AirAsia need to consider to be low cost carrier in airplane industry. There are : 1. Strengths * AirAsia has a very strong management team with strong links with governments and airline ind ustry leaders. The management team is also very good in strategy formulation and execution. * AirAsia’s brand name is well established in Asia Pacific. * AirAsia is the low cost leader in Asia. * The excellent utilization of IT. 2. Weaknesses * AirAsia does not have its own maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility. * AirAsia receives a lot complaint from customers on their service. 3. Opportunities * There are 2 major events that are taking place now or going to take place in less than 6 months from now. * There is also some opportunity to partner with other low cost airlines. The population of Asian middle class will be reaching almost 700 million by 2010. 4. Threats * Certain rates like airport departure, security charges and landing charges are beyond the control of airline operators. * AirAsia’s profit margin is about 30% and this has already attracted many competitors. * Users perception that budget airlines may compromise safety to keep costs low. In concl usion, the SWOT analysis that AirAsia have is on of the major component to make AirAsia more strength in their business and can make they are able to compete with the same low cost carrier airline industry.The strategy that AirAsia was implementing to make they are being a successful in low cost carrier and can compete with other competitors in this field of business are : 1. Maximized IT and implementing E-commerce in AirAsia business. 2. Operation effectiveness and outstanding efficiency 3. Implemented outsourcing in their business Conclusion : The competition among airplane industries is very tough. Each of Airplanes Company in the world trying to conduct some strategies to compete with another competitor in their industry.To compete with their competitor in the business environment, a company needs to make a strategy to achieve their long terms objectives and can be successful for doing their business. The strategic management becomes important due to the following reason such a s globalization to survival their business, and than e-commerce become the critical success to the company nowadays. A company needs to consider the company ability and how to integrating it with the as well as main factor in the internal and external factor. DO YOU THINK THE CHOSEN ORGANIZATION WILL BE SUCCESSFUL UNDER THE CURRENT LEADER IN THE FUTURE? WHY OR WHY NOT?Absolutely yes, I believe AirAsia Company would be make some progress in the future. Based on the fact we know before, AirAsia Company has a lot achievement and awards until now. AirAsia is one of the leader to Low-Cost Carrier Airlines with its best slogan ‘ Now everyone can fly ‘. It such as, new innovation for business world today’s. Lets look at AirAsia statements for future plan. Forward-Looking AirAsia statements Such forward looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding the Group’s present and future business strategies and the environment in which the Group will operat e in the future.The AirAsia’s future overall business development and economic performance : * The Group’s estimated financial information regarding, and the future development and economic performance of, its business. * The Group’s future earnings, cash flow and liquidity * The Group’s potential growth opportunities, including its route expansion plans and potential joint ventures; the amount and nature of future fleet growth 9including the proposed acquisition of up to 80 new aircraft from Airbus or Boeing consisting of 40 purchase obligastions and 40 purchase options), airport investment and other capital expenditures required by the Group. The Group’s financing plans, business strategy, competitive position and effects of competition; the airline industry environment, including future prices and demand for air travel and future prices and supply of aircraft, jet fuel and spare parts * The regulatory environment and effects of the future regula tion, including the liberalization of the commercial aviation industry in Southeast Asia and the effects of future regulation. According to the forward-looking statements by AirAsia Company.It shown that AirAsia Company making some future plan for improve its business. We could look at AirAsia Company Strategic Management running so well. For additionally, if you haven’t really heard much about AirAsia yet, never fear: according to the CEO Dato’ Tony Fernandes, the whole world will be flying AirAsia soon. Fernandes really loves his airline and has huge plans for it. The first low cost carrier in Asia, coming out of Kuala Lumpur, AirAsia has been flying for over 10 years now and is ready to conquer the world.Fernandes dreams of making the AirAsia brand as big as Coca-Cola Company and the airline’s reach as significant as European LCC Ryanair. Thus, I think all his plan are possible to realize. And for me, AirAsia Company is good inspiration for who those want to improve or follow its business journey. HARVARD REFERENCING Based on, Amandak. , 2008, AirAsia Boss Has Really Big Plan [online], Malaysia, Available from http://www. jaunted. com/story/2008/3/24/201251/894/travel/AirAsia+Boss+Has+Really+Big+Plans, [Accessed 25th March 2008] Sen Ze & Jayne Ng 2008, Air Asia The Story, 2nd edition,

Induction Standard 1

Standard 1 Role of the health and social care worker Your Name: Workplace: Start Date: Completion Date: Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Responsibilities and limits of your relationship with an individual Working in ways that are agreed with your employer The importance of working in partnership with others Be able to handle information in agreed ways Questions CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One Standard 1 Role of the health and social care worker 1. Responsibilities and limits of your relationship with an individual 1. Know your main responsibilities to an individual you support Working in health and social care you will have many responsibilities to your employer and to the people you support. You may work with different individuals each with their own preferences, wishes and needs. You will find out about these by reading individuals’ care and support plans as well as communicating with them when you are together. It is important that you follow care and support plans and understand and respect what the individuals you work with say they need.Skills for Care provide a Code of Practice setting out your responsibilities. These are some of the responsibilities you will have to individuals you support: ? ? ? ? Protect their rights and promote their interests Establish and maintain their trust and confidence Promote their independence and protect them as far as possible from danger or harm Respect their rights and ensure their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people In your role, you will also be expected to: ? Uphold public trust and confidence Be accountable for the quality of your work and take responsibility for maintaining and improving your knowledge and skills Your employer may have a set of values for the service you will be providing. Locate and read your employer’s values Think about how you will adopt these values You may wish to discuss your responsibilities and the values with your supervisor / manager Page 2 of 1 9 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 1. Be aware of ways in which your relationship with an individual must be different from other relationships You have a professional duty of care to the individuals you support which is different to the relationships you have with your friends and family. Your role is to guide and support individuals and to help them to live as independently as possible. You should listen carefully to individuals and never put pressure on them. These are some of the ways that you can maintain professional boundaries: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Be reliable and dependable Do not form inappropriate intimate or personal relationships with individuals Promote individuals’ independence and protect them as far as possible from harm Do not accept gifts or money from individuals or their family members Be honest and trustworthy Comply with policies and procedures or agreed ways of working Cooperate with colleagues and treat them with respect Do not discriminate against anyone Maintain clear and accurate records Continue to improve your knowledge and skills Respect confidential information and knowing when it is appropriate to share Report any concerns you may haveMore Information can be found in the GSCC Codes of Practice / Skills for Care website. http://www. skillsforcare. org. uk/developing_skills/GSCCcodesofpractice/GSCC_codes_of_practice. aspx Most of the individuals you work with will rely heavily on your support. For some individuals you might be the only person they will see during the day. Because of this, it is really important that you arrive on time. This will help individuals to feel confident that you are able to support them.Your employer may have a Code of Conduct policy which will inform you of your professional boundaries. Locate and read your employer’s Code of Conduct policy You may wish to discuss professional boundaries with your supervisor / manager Page 3 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook à ¢â‚¬â€œ Standard One 2. Working in ways that are agreed with your employer 2. 1 Be aware of the aims, objectives and values of the service in which you work Every employer will have aims and objectives. For some employers, these will be documented and for others, they could be verbal statements.Either way, it is important that you know what your employers aims and objectives are. During your induction period you will learn about your employer and how your role supports them to achieve their aims and objectives. This is important because your employer’s aims and objectives become yours while you are working and you will work together to achieve them. Find out about your organisation and your service’s aims and objectives Consider how your job role supports the achievement of these. If you are unsure, discuss with your manager / supervisor 2. Understand why it is important to work in ways that are agreed with your employer Policies and procedures or â€Å"agreed ways of working† set out how your employer requires you to work. They incorporate various pieces of legislation as well as best practice. They are there to benefit and protect you, the individuals you support and your employer. They enable you to provide a good quality service working within the legal framework and most importantly aim to keep you and the individuals you support, safe from danger or harm. Policies and procedures are essential pieces of information hat will support you in your role and will enable you to work professionally and safely. You are being paid (unless you are an unpaid carer) to do a job for your employer. If you do not follow their agreed ways of working, you could cause harm to yourself or others and you could find yourself subject to capability or disciplinary procedures which could lead to dismissal or even prosecution if you break the law. You do not need to know every word of every policy but you will need to know what policies exist and what they cov er so you can refer to them when you need to.Page 4 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 2. 3 Know how to access full and up-to-date details of agreed ways of working relevant to your role It is important for you to know where the most up to date written copies of policies, procedures, guidelines and agreed ways of working are kept that relate to your role. There may also be procedures for your specific work location(s). It is useful if your employers’ policies and procedures are published on their website as you will be able to access the most up to date copies at any time.Policies and procedures are often made available for anyone to read as public documents because the Freedom of Information Act allows anyone to ask for copies, so it is often easier to publish them on a website. Sometimes policies and procedures are kept in a folder in the office. It is essential that you make time to familiarise yourself with policies, procedures and agreed ways o f working as they will affect the way you do your job. Locate and familiarise yourself with your employer’s policies and procedures. Sometimes these might be less formally documented. In which case, discuss them with your manager / supervisor.If your employer does not have written policies and procedures, it is important that you work closely with them to understand how they would like you to deal with situations. You will also need to make sure you are aware of the legislation and legal framework which will guide you through your legal responsibilities. There is lots of information on Skills for Care’s website to support and guide you in your new role. Skills for Care set standards for training and development including the Common Induction Standards that you are currently working on in this workbook and in your induction period. ttp://www. skillsforcare. org. uk You will also find information on the resources section on the CIS Assessment website: http://www. cis-ass essment. co. uk Page 5 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 3. The importance of working in partnership with others 3. 1 Understand why it is important to work in partnership with carers, families, advocates and others who are significant to an individual It is essential that you work in partnership with all of the people surrounding the individuals you are supporting in order to ensure the best possible support and care is provided.This will include carers, families, advocates and other people who are sometimes called â€Å"significant others†. In order to work well in partnership, there has to be good communication and you will need to have good communication skills. Advocates are people who support individuals and help them to explain and say what they want and need to maintain their wellbeing. They help to ensure the individual’s views are heard so their needs can be met and their problems sorted out. They can act as an intermediary when th ere is a difference of opinion.Unpaid carers provide unpaid support to a relative, friend, partner etc. Significant others can be anyone who is â€Å"significant† to the individual you are supporting e. g. their partner, their children, a neighbour, their best friend, a priest, a guide dog. Other people may be able to provide useful information to support you in your work and you may be able to provide useful information to support them in being part of the individual’s lives. This is good partnership working. An example might be if there are communication difficulties.A carer or family member can share information with you about how you can best communicate with an individual. This enables the individual to be listened to and supported in ways that they desire and choose. 3. 2 Recognise why it is important to work in teams and in partnership with others You will meet new colleagues and be expected to work in partnership with other professionals. Just like working in p artnership with family members and unpaid carers, you can all work together, sharing relevant information with each other to ensure the individual receives the best support and care possible.These people could be: Doctors Other Health professionals Friends and Family Personal Budget Brokers Nurses Social Workers Advocates Physiotherapists Occupational Therapists Voluntary organisations Unpaid carers Welfare Benefit Advisors Page 6 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCA) These are formally appointed specialists who can support people who do not have family and friends who can support them to make informed decisions and choices about the kind of support and care they need.The Mental Capacity Act 2005 has a set of criteria to determine whether a person is able to make informed decisions and choices and if they cannot, this is when an IMCA is brought in to help. The Mental Capacity Act provides a statutory framework for people who lack capacity to make decisions for themselves, or who have capacity and want to make preparations for a time when they may lack capacity in the future. It sets out who can take decisions, in which situations, and how they should go about this.The legal framework is supported by this Code of Practice which provides guidance and information about how the Act works in practice. The Code has statutory force, which means that certain categories of people have a legal duty to have regard to it when working with or caring for adults who may lack capacity to make decisions for themselves. This includes care and support workers and the Code provides guidance to anyone who is working with and / or caring for adults who may lack capacity to make particular decisions.The term ‘a person who lacks capacity’ means a person who is unable to make a particular decision or take a particular action for themselves at the time the decision or action needs to be taken. You will ne ed to learn more about the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) and how this affects you in your job role. The MCA is also relevant to Standard 5. Outcome 2. 1. The Department of Health provide information about MCA on their website and you can also download a copy of the Code. This is the weblink. http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH _085476 . 3 Be aware of attitudes and ways of working that help improve partnership with others You will always need to make sure that you are doing the right things, in the right way, at the right time, for the right people, openly, honestly, safely and in a professional way. Learning from others and working in partnership is important. It will help you to understand the aims and objectives of different people and partner organisations as they may have differing views, attitudes and approaches. Page 7 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard OneIt is essential that everyone’s f ocus is on providing the best care and support to individuals, for example: ? supporting the individual to possible achieve their goals and be as independent as ? ? respecting and maintaining the dignity and privacy of individuals promoting equal opportunities and respecting diversity and cultures and values different ? ? reporting dangerous, abusive, discriminatory or exploitative behaviour or practice communicating in an appropriate, open, accurate and straight forward way ? ? treating each person as an individual utcomes for individuals sharing expert knowledge and respecting views of others to achieve positive ALWAYS FEEDBACK ANY CONCERNS YOU HAVE TO YOUR MANAGER / SUPERVISOR, EVEN IF IT FEELS MINOR TO YOU. IT COULD BE IMPORTANT EVIDENCE. 4. Be able to handle information in agreed ways 4. 1 Understand why it is important to have secure systems for recording and storing information. Current legislation requires everyone working in social care to maintain certain records and keep them secure. Different employers will keep different records and in different ways.Most of the information is sensitive and therefore not available to the general public so it is important that information is stored securely so it cannot be accessed by people who have no right to see it. Information that is sensitive is called â€Å"Confidential†. Examples of confidential records are: ? ? ? ? Care and support plans Risk assessments Personal information about individuals being supported Personal information about workers Page 8 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One Find out what records your employer keeps and how they are kept secure 4. Be aware of how to keep records that are up to date, complete, accurate and legible. Information that needs to be recorded should always be written in a legible manner. Legible means clear, readable and understandable. It could be harmful to an individual if other people cannot read what you have written, for example in a care plan about the way the individual is feeling. Records must always be factual and not an opinion. They should include the correct date and a full signature of the person writing the record. It is also recommended to use black ink. Some documents will only accept black ink.Information must not be crossed out or covered using correction fluid. Always record any information given to you by an individual even if you think it is trivial because it might help someone else. Always check an individual’s care and support plan before working with them as there may have been changes since you last worked with the individual, even if it was only a short time ago. 4. 3 Be aware of agreed procedures for: – Recording information – Storing information – Sharing information Records can be stored electronically on computers or as paper documents which can be typed or handwritten.Computers must be password protected and it is recommended that individual documents are also password protected. Documents being sent by email should be encrypted and protected. Confidential paper documents must be stored in a locked cupboard or cabinet. Access to all information should be restricted to those people to whom the information is relevant The recording, storing and sharing of data is covered by: Data Protection Act 1998 Freedom of Information Act 2000 Caldicott Principles Page 9 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard OneThe Data Protection Act is the main piece of legislation covering recording, storing and sharing information. The main principles are: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Be secure Be adequate, relevant and no excessive Be processed fairly and lawfully Be kept no longer than is necessary Be obtained only for lawful purposes Be accurate Be observant of a person’s rights Not be transferred to countries outside of the European Union The Freedom of Information Act says that most public authorities have a legal obligation to provide infor mation through an approved publication scheme and in response to requests for information.If you work for a local authority, your employer will have one or more specialists responsible for requests made under this Act. You will need to find out who this is and what procedures you should follow if a request for information is made direct to you. Caldicott Guardians are experts on confidentiality issues and access to individuals’ records. They can give advice on any concerns you may have about a case. They are senior people nominated in organisations who are responsible for safeguarding the confidentiality of individuals’ information.Two key components of maintaining confidentiality are the integrity of information and its security: ? ? Integrity is achieved by the accuracy and completeness of information using proper processing methods. Security measures are needed to protect information from a wide variety of threats. The Caldicott principles and recommendations apply specifically to information that identifies individuals and emphasise the need for controls over the availability of this information and access to it. The six Caldicott principles are: ? ? ? ? ? Justify the purpose(s) of every proposed use or transfer Don't use it unless it is absolutely necessary Use the minimum necessary Access to it should be on a strict need-to-know basis Everyone with access to it should be aware of their responsibilities Understand and comply with the law Page 10 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One The Information Commissioner’s Office is the UK’s independent authority set up to uphold information rights in the public interest, promoting openness by public bodies and data privacy for individuals.Their website has lots of information about recording, storing and sharing information under the Data Protection and Freedom of Information Acts. http://www. ico. gov. uk Your employer may also have policies and procedures or ag reed ways of working explaining how data should be recorded, stored and shared. Find out what records your employer keeps and how they are kept secure 4. 4 Be aware of how and to whom to report if you become aware that agreed procedures have not been followed The paperwork you complete and things you record in your work setting might be needed as legal documents by the police or for use in court cases.This is one of the reasons why it is so important to have good recording skills. If you use a computer in your role, make sure you know how to use the files and programs properly, including how to make sure records and emails are secure. There have been several high profile cases reported in the press over the last couple of years where people’s personal data has been mistakenly made public by negligent staff, for example, leaving computer records stored on a data memory stick in a public place in error. Computers and memory sticks must be secure and password protected and never left unattended, for example, on the back seat of a car.If you become aware of any situation where you suspect or know that the agreed procedures have not been followed or are not being followed by yourself or another person, you have a duty of care to report the situation immediately to your manager or supervisor. Page 11 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One Questions: Role of the health and social care worker 1. 1 Know your main responsibilities to an individual you support What are your main responsibilities to the individuals you support and in your role? 1 2 3 4 5 6How will you protect the rights of individuals and promote their interests? What are the values for the service you will be providing? Page 12 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One How would you use these values in your work with individuals? 1. 2 Be aware of ways in which your relationship with an individual must be different from other relationships How does your re lationship with the individuals you support differ from your relationship with your friends? What could you do to maintain professional boundaries? 1 2 3 4 5 Page 13 of 19CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One An individual you support says you can have their Tesco club card points as they do not have a club card themselves to collect the points. The points turn into free shopping vouchers. What should you do? You are beginning to have personal and intimate feelings about an individual you support. What should you do? 2. 1 Be aware of the aims, objectives and values of the service in which you work What are the aims and objectives of your employer? How does your role contribute to the aims and objectives of your employer?Page 14 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 2. 2 Understand why it is important to work in ways that are agreed with your employer Why is it important to follow policies, procedures or agreed ways of working? What could hap pen if you do not follow agreed ways of working relevant to your role? 2. 3 Know how to access full and up-to-date details of agreed ways of working relevant to your role Where can you find up to date policies, procedures and details of agreed ways of working relevant to your role? 3. Understand why it is important to work in partnership with carers, families, advocates and others who are significant to an individual How can working in partnership with family members be of benefit to the individual you are supporting? Page 15 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 3. 2 Recognise why it is important to work in teams and in partnership with others Why is it important to work in partnership with other professionals? What is meant by each of these terms: Carers: Advocates: Significant Others:IMCAs: 3. 3 Be aware of attitudes and ways of working that help improve partnership with others What can you do to promote good partnership working with other professionals? 1 2 3 Page 16 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 4. 1 Understand why it is important to have secure systems for recording and storing information. Why is it important to have secure systems for recording and storing information? Give 3 examples of the types of confidential information that are kept by an employer: 1 2 3 4. Be aware of how to keep records that are up to date, complete, accurate and legible. What are the principles of good record keeping? How would having an accurate record of what has happened benefit the individuals you support? Page 17 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One 4. 3 Be aware of agreed procedures for: – Recording information – Storing information – Sharing information What legislation covers recording, storing and sharing information? How can information stored on a computer be protected from being seen by people who shouldn’t see it?How can paper based information be protected from being seen by people who shouldn’t see it? 4. 4 Be aware of how and to whom to report if you become aware that agreed procedures have not been followed Who should you contact if you are concerned that procedures have not been followed? Page 18 of 19 CIS Assessment Induction Workbook – Standard One Shall we find out what you have learnt? Now that you have completed this section you can have a go at the online assessment for Common Induction Standard 1. To do this you will need to visit www. cis-assessment. co. k and log on by entering your username and password in the boxes provided. You will then be able to select Common Induction Standards then Standard 1. Don’t forget to read the instruction page before you start. Once you have completed this assessment and had a discussion about the results with your manager or supervisor, you may want to do a little more learning and / or return to your results and record additional evidence. You can also print out the results pages (which include any additional information you have added) for your Induction Folder and CPD Portfolio. ttp://www. cis-assessment. co. uk Copyright note for Managers and Employers The workbook(s) can be completed online or on a printed copy. You can make any changes, deletions or additions to suit your circumstances. You can personalise the workbook(s) by adding your organisation’s name and logo. Please make sure that CIS-Assessment is credited for putting the workbook(s) together and providing them without charge. You cannot copy, reproduce or use any part of the workbook(s) for financial gain or as part of a training event that you are profiting from. Page 19 of 19

Sherlock Holmes English coursework Essays

Sherlock Holmes English coursework Essays Sherlock Holmes English coursework Paper Sherlock Holmes English coursework Paper In The Speckled Band Conan Doyle introduces Helen Stoner, the victim, and she is wearing a thick black veil over her face. This makes her look quite dark and mysterious. In The Red Headed League, the victim is also introduced at the beginning of the story. The victim, Jabez Wilson is quite a poor person unlike Helen Stoner who is quite rich. You can tell he is poor because he says he owns a small pawnbrokers business. However The Blue Carbuncle is quite different. The victim gets introduced later on. First, Sherlock Holmes has a hat and a goose which were found by Peterson the commissionaire. These belong to the victim. Holmes deduces all he can from these two objects. Conan Doyle does this to intrigue the reader and to show the reader how clever Sherlock Holmes is, that he can tell how a man looks like and how clever he is, just from looking at a hat. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses a lot of weird and mysterious clues in his stories. His intended effect was to try and lead the reader astray. Also to let the readers try and solve the clues and figure the mystery out themselves, but of course he doesnt make it easy. The main reason Conan Doyle uses clues is to build tension. The story with the strangest clues was The Speckled Band. When Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson go to Stoke Moran to analyse the bedrooms, Sherlock Holmes finds a vent that leads into another room, a bell pull that doesnt work and a bed thats clamped to the ground. The clues that Conan Doyle used here would confuse any reader whether they were clever or not. Conan Doyle often used flashbacks in his stories to give the history of his characters. At the beginning of the story The Speckled Band Helen Stoner gives a flashback about family. Also in The Blue Carbuncle Sherlock Holmes gives a flashback about Henry Baker, from what he deduced from his hat. The writer effect is to give the reader a detailed history of his main character. The endings Conan Doyle creates for his stories are quite dramatic in different ways. The Speckled Band ended with danger, The Red Headed League ended with punishment and The Blue Carbuncle ended with justice. In The Speckled Band, Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson both spend a night at Stoke Moran they get into a lot of danger. Watson didnt really know the danger they were in because he didnt fear what Holmes feared. At the end when Holmes and Watson go into Dr. Roylotts bedroom Holmes says, The band! the speckled band! , It is a swamp adder! , the deadliest snake in India. This is when the reader finds out about the danger they were in, especially after the snake had killed Dr. Roylott. At the end of The Read Headed League Sherlock Holmes had captured the criminal, John Clay. Well, would you please, sir, march upstairs, where we can get a cab to carry your Highness to the police-station? This quote shows that the criminal was punished, most probably imprisonment. In The Blue Carbuncle after Sherlock Holmes had made the criminal, James Ryder confess to all that he had done. Using his deductive reasoning, he let him go free or in other words put him to justice. Sherlock Holmes did this because he knew that James Ryder wouldnt commit another crime again. All of Conan Doyles stories follow most of the ten Knoxs rules written by Monsignor Ronald A. Knox in 1929. Each story introduces the criminal early, but in a way that reader wouldnt know that it was the criminal. None of the stories have anything supernatural or preternatural. No undiscovered poisons are used, or anything which will need a long scientific explanation at the end. In all the stories, the mystery was solved by Sherlock Holmes himself. He did not get any help and he did not solve anything with the help of coincidence or an accident. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle did break one of the rules, rule number 9. The stupid friend of the detective, the Watson, must not conceal any thoughts which pass through his mind; his intelligence must be slightly, but very slightly, below that of the average reader. Watson, in these stories is a doctor. It takes quite a lot of hard work to become a doctor, no one that has the intelligence below the average reader can become one. Watson? Could your patients spare you for a few hours? This shows that Watson is quite a successful doctor and he has his own practice. I have nothing to do to-day. My practice is never very absorbing. Most of the language used in the three stories The Speckled Band, The Red Headed League and The Blue Carbuncle is old fashioned. That is because these stories were written in the 1880s and 1890s. Nowadays language is much different than of how it was in the 1880s and 1890s. In the three stories, the old fashioned word that was used the most was pray. Pray was another way of saying please. You can tell that the language is old fashioned by looking at the dialogue. It is to him that this trophy belongs. It is his hat. No, no, he found it. Its owner is unknown. I beg that you will look upon it not as a battered billycock but as an intellectual problem The old fashioned language is quite efficient for detective stories; I think that if they were written with todays language, the stories wouldnt be as good. All of Sir Arthur Conan Doyles descriptions are quite detailed; he uses a lot of similes. In The Speckled Band one simile is, Then suddenly another sound became audible a very gentle, soothing sound, like that of a small jet of steam escaping continually from a kettle. The writer is comparing the sound of the whistle to the sound of a kettle letting out steam. Here is one simile from The Red Headed League, with his thin knees drawn up to his hawk-like nose, and there he sat with his eyes closed and his black clay pipe thrusting out like the bill of some strange bird. Here the writer is comparing Sherlock Holmes to a bird. A simile from The Blue Carbuncle is, Holmes unlocked his strong-box and held up the blue carbuncle, which shone out like a star . Here the writer is comparing the diamond to a star. The writers intended effect is to give the reader a detailed description of what is going on. Sherlock Holmes was a character based on a man named Dr. Bell who was a professor of medicine at Edinburgh. Sherlock Holmes is a very calm and precise gentleman. He is not the type of man that just wants to get rich. Detection is his hobby; he does it to help people and to bring criminals to justice. Sherlock Holmes is a man that cannot be provoked easily; we can see this by taking a look at The Speckled Band. When Dr. Grimesby Roylott charges in and starts threatening Sherlock Holmes, he doesnt really care. He acts as if nothing is happening, which shows that he is very good at controlling his temper. While Dr. Roylott is calling him names, he just sits there and smiles. You are Holmes, the meddler. My friend smiled. Holmes, the busybody! His smile broadened. Holmes, the Scotland Yard Jack-in-office! Holmes chuckled heartily. Your conversation is most entertaining, said he. When you go out close the door, for there is a decided draught. Sherlock Holmess power of deduction is very amazing indeed. If we look at The Blue Carbuncle Sherlock Holmes deducts what a man looks like, how clever he is and that his wife doesnt love him that much by just looking at his hat, which is quite remarkable. Watson is the narrator of the Sherlock Holmes stories. Everything in the stories is told from Watsons point of view. Watson and Holmes are very dear friends and Holmes is always relying on Watson. This shows that Watson is a very reliable person. Then put on your hat and come. I am going through the City first, and we can have some lunch on the way. This shows that Sherlock Holmes is always relying on Watson to travel with him and he always asks him to carry his gun. Do not go asleep; your very life may depend upon it. Have your pistol ready in case we should need it. Watson is a doctor, we can tell this straight away because in the story he is called Dr. Watson. And also Sherlock Holmes talks about his patients. Watson? Could your patients spare you for a few hours? After reading and analysing the three Sherlock Holmes stories The Speckled Band, The Red Headed League and The Blue Carbuncle, I think I have learned a lot about detective writing in the 1880s and 1890s. I really liked reading about Sherlock Holmes; I think it is very clever how Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created him with his unique abilities. I especially like Sherlock Holmess deducting abilities. I now no why detective writing was so popular at the end of the nineteenth century. The mysteries that Conan Doyle created were very interesting, especially the mystery of The Speckled Band. I thought this because in the speckled band story Conan Doyle created a lot of tension which keeps building up, this made me want to read on in a faster way to find out what happened. This is how it affected me as the reader. Out of the three stories I prefer The Speckled Band. This is because the story is much more interesting and intriguing than the other two. I like the clues that Conan Doyle created, which were really very puzzling at first. Once I got to the end of the story I understood the whole thing. The other two stories were interesting, but not as much as The Speckled Band.Ali Mohsen 10N Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Clinical journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clinical journal - Essay Example Weekly skin assessment was done during shower. One of the medical doctors came to assess the new residents. Previous nurse told the doctor that the patient on Cipro did not know that it was Bactrim DS for UTI. Order was clarified by MD, but it said that it was ok if it is Cipro has to be given to empty stomach 1 hour before meals. The wound doctor came to check the wound once per week. The patient with the wound needed to be assesed was put back to bed. One patient was admitted 2 days ago with wound on the right lateral ankle. The nurse documented unstageable wound. However, during the interview, the guest informed the wound doctor, he sustained the wound because he was hit by the Hoyer lift during transfer from the previous facility. The wound doctor stated that it is not unstageable but a trauma wound. There was a confusion with the location of the wound as well. Some nurses documented left ankle, while order was stated right. Therefore, the wound doctor asked me what I would do in that situation. I told him that I would assess the patient myself to clarify the confusion and make a note on the TAR and pass on the oncoming nurse. There is no 24 hours report shift for you to read. Therefore, you have to listen carefully to the report in order not to miss anything. In-service was given to diabetic mellitus that afternoon as well. A man from Lilly, the company that makes insulin, came to conduct the in-service. The topic that was discussed is rapid acting insulin such novolog, Humalog was discussed, long acting, for example, levemir and Lantus and peak time. The staff were able to differential between the type 1 DM of the pancreas which does not procedure insulin at all, while with type 2 the body produces insulin but the body cannot properly used it efficiently. Many years ago the body did not produce insulin for instance with type 1 diabetes you die because there were no such thing as insulin to give. And now hemoglobin HA1c is done to

The influence of culture conditions on the mechanical properties of Literature review

The influence of culture conditions on the mechanical properties of agarose hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering - Literature review Example Numerous researches have been conducted with no resolution to some of these fundamental issues, in an effort to characterize the synovial body joints, it has led to the development of an experimental approach to in the investigation of the dynamic and constitutive properties of the cartilage. In a nutshell, the interpretation of this information leads to the illumination of a cartilage microstructure. This cartilage is basically composed of the collagen meshwork under the tension within the osmotic potential composed of a finer proteoglycan network gel. These dynamic properties and constitution of the cartilage are usually determined by this structures motion in the surrounding fluids. In relevant physiologically conditions, this gel networks assumes the state of immobilization to relative collagen networking an equivalent single network referred to as the cartilage network which characterizes the major cartilage behavior. Body energy is basically stored in this cartilage networks in three forms and any external load is usually balanced in the state of equilibrium by the elastic changes of the collagen network and by both osmotic and no osmotic ionic proteoglycan networks potentials of the cartilage network. This state of equilibrium can be distorted or shifted by changing the reference level of the osmotic pressure or by mechanical loading. The majority of biomechanical approaches in the properties of cartilage these are referenced and in mechanical tests, it suffers from the challenges of practical limits in the replica of the situ conditions, especially in the equilibrium. The use of compression specimens is paramount and is plugged from the exercised joints which must be preloaded in achievement of the uniaxial conditions of strain and the poisson effect of the thin and tensile specimens. In this experiment, the specimen cartilage is first put in a state of equilibrium in a saline solution under controlled temperatures